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2022人民银行校园招聘每日一练1.8(一)
Raoul Chadha, co-chief investment officer for Hong Kong-based Miraa Asset Global Investments, has a few charts he is particularly fond of when it comes to telling a story about investing in China. One shows income growth in China. Based on the current rate of expansion, he expects the world's second-biggest economy will achieve high income status—defined as income of almost $12,500 per capital in eight years. The second shows a ratio of household debt to gross domestic product for a number of countries. For thrifty mainland China households, the ratio is 28 per cent. That compares to India at one end of the scale at 15 per cent and the UK at the other with 90 per cent.
So, based on their income and potential to borrow, the Chinese have spending power and the potential to increase it. The growing muscle of Chinese consumers is not, of course, a new investment theme when it comes to Asia. But at a time when wage growth is muted in other large economies, such as the US and the Eurozone, the situation in China is surprisingly overlooked rather than celebrated. Disposable income per household in China rose 7.3 per cent in real terms in the first half of this year. That surpasses the 6.9 per cent pace at which the economy expanded in the period. Moreover, the number of jobs created in urban areas came in at 8.55m in the first seven months of 2017, according to data from JPMorgan, not too far from the year-end target of 11m. In sharp contrast, India is generating roughly 1m jobs a year at a time when it needs to fashion 10 times more to absorb the youth streaming in from the countryside in search of a better living.
It’s not just the level of income that is improving in China. Its distribution is too. The government is spending more on a social safety net, and provides more by way of pensions and medicines, including medical care and educating. “In a way it reflects the fact that the working age population is declining. But for the past 10 years income is going up for the majority of people steadily and gradually.”
It's an especially notable achievement given that some of the other forces at work in the Chinese economy are far from helpful. The expansion of the sharing economy and ever growing role of technology across most sectors is ultimately deflationary. Automation is increasingly displacing manufacturing jobs. At the same time, sophisticated computers are now eliminating low end service jobs.
As investors survey the effects of income growth, it is the new economy, with its emphasis on services and consumption, and private companies in it, that are the beneficiaries as they cater to the appetites of a growing middle class. Mr. Chadha, for example, is a fan of companies such as C trip, an online travel app, health care, insurers such as Ping An, and internet and commerce firms. C trip for example has 75 per cent market share in online travel.
1.According to the passage, which country is home to the highest ratio of household debt to GDP?
A. India
B. China
C. UK
D. US
【答案】C。细节题，根据题干关键词ratio of household debt定位至第一段倒数第三句For thrifty mainland China households, the ratio is 28 per cent. That compares to India at one end of the scale at 15 per cent and the UK at the other with 90 per cent.可知中国的比率为28%，印度为15%，英国为90%，选项D的美国并没有提及，所以正确答案是选项C。
2.The second paragraph tells us that ( ).
A. it’s not difficult for China to achieve its target of creating 11 million jobs
B. there are enough vacancies for young people from the rural areas in India
C. the developed economies enjoys a better income growth
D. More Chinese will borrow to increase their spending power
【答案】A。根据题干定位至第二段，然后根据A选项的关键词11m定位至倒数第二句Moreover, the number of jobs created in urban areas came in at 8.55m…not too far from the year-end target of 11m.可知选项A正确。B选项根据关键词India定位至末句India is generating roughly 1m jobs a year at a time when it needs to fashion 10 times more to absorb the youth …from the countryside…可知印度对于乡村年轻人来讲并没有足够的工作机会，所以选项B表述错误;选项C提到发达国家有更快的收入增长，文段并未提及，所以其表述错误;D选项在首句So, based on their income and potential to borrow, the Chinese have spending power and the potential to increase it.可知borrow和spending power并非目的关系，所以选项内容与原文不符。故正确答案是选项A。
3.What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. We should resist the trend of automation
B. The growth of the economy and technology brings prosperity
C. Technology is double-edged since some jobs will be eliminated
D. The development of technology is devastating
【答案】C。猜词题，划线句子所在位置是文章倒数第二段，可知这一段讲解科技的发展一方面成果卓著，另一方面代替了很多工作，最终会带来通货紧缩。选项C：工作岗位的减少，让科技变成了一把双刃剑，可知选项C更正确。选项A：阻挡自动化潮流，文段并未提及;选项B：科技经济的发展带来了繁荣，文段提到了科技带来的成就，同时也提到了科技带来的负面结果，所以表述内容太过片面;选项D：科技发展是毁灭性的，表述太过于绝对，文段也提到了科技的成就。故正确答案是选项C。
4.Which of the following statement is false?
A. The work force in China has increased in past ten years.
B. Internet firms benefit a lot from the income growth
C. The Chinese government is improving the social welfare for people
D. The per capital income in China is expected to be $12,500 in eight years.
【答案】A。是非题，根据A选项关键词past ten years可以定位至第三段…the working age population is declining. But for the past 10 years income is going up for the majority of people steadily and gradually.可知选项A错误。根据B选项关键词Internet firms可以定位至最后一段，可知受益人是新经济体，而互联网商业公司正是新经济体的一种，所以选项B正确;根据C选项关键词Chinese government可以定位至第三段前部分The government is spending more on a social safety net, and provides more by way of pensions and medicines…可知讲述的正是政府给人们的社会福利，故表述正确;根据D选项关键词$12,500可以定位至第一段income of almost $12,500 per capital in eight years.可知表述正确。故正确答案是选项A。
5.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The world economy relies on China’s economy
B. Chinese consumers have great potential
C. Other countries should learn from China by developing a sharing economy
D. Chinese government is improving people’s lives
【答案】B。主旨题，根据首尾段原则，观察首段可知讲述的是中国的经济消费力，所以选项B：中国巨大的消费潜力正确。选项A：世界经济依赖中国经济，文章并没有提及;选项C：其他国家应当向中国学习发展共享经济，文章也没有提及;选项D：中国政府提高人民的生活水平，主体出现偏差，中国政府并非文章的重要主体。故正确答案是选项B。
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