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2022人民银行校园招聘每日一练1.20(二)
In the United States of America, banks are categorized into the federally-chartered bank with receives their charter from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC); these are referred to as “National Banks”; and also the states-chartered banks which receive their charter from the superintendent to as “State Banks” Banks are allowed to register either with the federal or the state authority. Let us now look at the organizational structure of Commercial Banks, which include unit banking, group banking and branch banking.
The main characteristic of unit banking is that it can operate only a single full service bank from a single location. Unit banking institutions are not allowed to have branch networks. However, unit banking does not necessarily have to be small. In fact, many unit banks are quite large.
Group banking refers to banking operations conducted by a corporation owning more than one bank. The group banking system usually exists in the states where branch banking is prohibited.
As for branching, it is sometimes referred to “limited branching” or “stateside branching”, Limited branching allows bank to operate branches within geographic territories authorized by the state law. Stateside branching implies that bank branches are allowed to operate anywhere within the state. New York State, California, Florida and some others are stateside branch banking areas while Minnesota, Arkansas, lower and others are limited branching areas.
In the United States, there are also specialized banks including the Edge Act Banks, the international Banking Facility, the bankers’ banks, the savings banks, the savings and loans associations, the credit unions and government owned and the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT).
There are also non-bank financial institutions in the USA, including the securities firms, the leasing and commercial finance companies, the mortgage bankers and the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT).
Let us now look at the Federal System. Commonly known as the Federal Reserve Bank or the “Fed”, this is the Central Bank of the United States founded in 1913. It determines the reserve requirement within limits set by the US Congress. The function of the Fed is economic stabilization through the management of the nation’s money supply. The Federal Reserve System comprises a board of governors with 7 members stationed in Washington D.C. Reserve Banks, including Boston, New York City, Dallas and San Francisco.
The Federal Reserve Act (FRA) 1913 set out the powers of the Fed which, on top of the regular central bank’s objectives, emphasize the following:
i. Managing the monetary system and money supply of the USA;
ii. Providing funds as the lender of last resort;
iii. Providing for an efficient cherub clearing system;
iv. Providing a rigorous banking supervision system.
1. Which of the following title best suits the passage? ( )
A. Banking and Non-banking in the USA.
B. Banks in the USA.
C. Bankers in the USA.
D. Banking in the USA.
【答案】D。主旨题。虽然文中提及“There are also non-bank financial institutions in the USA”但是从开篇到设计美联储的职能重点在于介绍美国的银行业。因此应为Banking in the USA.D选项正确，ABC选项错误。故本题应选D。
2.Which of the following is NOT true? ( )
A. National Banks in the USA refers to “State Banks”
B. The group banking system usually exists in the states where branch banking in prohibited.
C. Stateside branching implies that bank branches are allowed to operate anywhere the state.
D. Limited branching allows bank to operated branches within geographic territories authorized by the state law.
【答案】A。选非题。第一段提及“National Banks”是国家银行，“State Banks”是州银行，两者并非相同，A选项错误;B选项，由“The group banking system usually exists in the states where branch banking is prohibited.”可知B选项正确;C选项，由“Stateside branching implies that bank branches are allowed to operate anywhere within the state.”可知C选项正确;D选项，由文中“Limited branching allows bank to operate branches within geographic territories authorized by the state law.”可知D选项正确。A选项符合题意，BCD不合题意，故本题应选A。
3. What is included in the commercial banking system of the USA? ( )
A. The Fed banks, the State banking and group banking.
B. The Fed banking, the state banking and region banking.
C. Unit banking, group banking and branch banking.
D. Sepcialized banks, group banking and unit banking.
【答案】C。细节题。文中第一段提到“Let us now look at the organizational structure of Commercial Banks, which include unit banking, group banking and branch banking.”因此商业银行系统包括了“unit banking, group banking and branch banking”。C选项正确，ABD选项错误。故本题应选C。
4. Which of the following is TRUE? ( )
A. The Fed undertakes banking supervision over banking system in the USA.
B. The savings banks in the USA are authorized to do real estate business by some states’ law
C. Specialized banks in the USA provide funds as the lender of last resert.
D. Specialized banks in the USA are the same to those in China.
【答案】A。细节题。文中提到美联储Fed的权力，包括“Providing a rigorous banking supervision system.”即提供严格的银行监管体系。A选项正确，BCD选项错误。故本题应选A。
5. What is the charting authority of the USA for banks? ( )
A. FRA
B. Laws of states
C. Fed
D. OCC
【答案】C。细节题。由“The Federal Reserve Act (FRA) 1913 set out the powers of the Fed which, on top of the regular central bank’s objectives”可知美联储居于银行系统的权威地位。C选项正确，BCD选项错误。故本题应选C。
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